Lest We Forget

It is impossible for me to imagine the suffering and sacrifices that my ancestors made during the First World War and like millions of others many of my ancestors made the ultimate sacrifice

Roll of Honour – Great War

1915

Harry Wilson – Died 8th February 1915 – Rugeley, Staffordshire
Private, Army Service Corps
Buried Rugeley Cemetery

John Joseph Graffham – Killed 28th July 1915 – France
Corporal, The Queens 2nd Battalion Royal West Surrey Regiment.
Buried Rue Des Berceaux, France

Alfred Charles Morris Bush – Killed 25th August 1915 – Gallipoli, Turkey
Regimental Sergeant Major, Royal Army Medical Corps

Buried Helles Memorial, Turkey

James Fisher – Killed 13th October 1915 – France
Private, 1/6th Battalion North Staffordshire Regiment 
Loos Memorial

Benjamin Hollins – Died of Wounds 12th November 1915 – Paignton, Devon
Lance Corporal, 1/6th battalion North Staffordshire Regiment
Armitage Churchyard









1916

Horace Hollins – Killed 30th April 1916 – France
Sergeant 10th Battalion Royal Welch Fusiliers
Lindhoek Chalet Military Cemetry

Albert Hollins – Killed 1st July 1916 – France
Sergeant, 8th Battalion Somerset Light Infantry
Theipval Memorial










Horace Wilson – Killed 1st July 1916 – France
Private, 1/6th Battalion North Staffordshire Regiment
Theipval Memorial

William Herbert Hollins – Killed 30th August 1916 – France
Lance Corporal, 7th Battalion Durham Light Infantry
Theipval memorial










Herbert Vernon – Killed 12th September 1916 – France
Private, 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards
Theipval memorial

1917

William Henry Cunningham – Killed 14th January 1917 – France
Private, 1st Battalion North Staffordshire Regiment
Philosophe British Cemetery

Horace Vernon – Killed 8th May 1917 – France
Corporal, 2/6th Battalion North Staffordshire Regiment
Theipval memorial

James Wilson – Killed 1st December 1917 – France
Lance Corporal 3rd Battalion Coldstream Guards
Cabaret – Rouge British Cemetery

1918

William Lovegrove – Died 16th July 1918 – England
Sergeant 52nd Royal Warwicks
Sunninghill Churchyard

William Alfred Bush – Killed 12th August 1918 - France
Sergeant, Army Service Corps
Les Barques Military Cemetery, Calais, France

Alfred Sidney Searle – Killed 19th August 1918 – France
Private, 2nd Battalion Royal Fusiliers
Ploegsteert Memorial

Joseph Vernon – Killed 22nd August 1918
Private, RAMC / Kings Own Scottish Borderers.
Bois-Guillaume Cemetery, Rouen, France

We Will Remember Them

A successful attack but a heavy cost

On the 19th August 1918, Private Alfred Sidney Searle, serving with the 2nd Battalion Royal Fusiliers was killed in action

Alfred Sidney Searle was the brother in law of my Great Great Grand Uncle Edwin Ernest Bush who had married Alfred’s sister Ada Searle on the 10th September 1893 at Holy Trinity Church, Wimbledon.

Alfred was born in 1880 in Wimbledon, Surrey, one of eight children of John Joseph and Emma Jane Searle (nee Miles). Both his parents had passed away by the time Alfred was 17 and in 1901 he and two brothers Edward Horace and Thomas Ernest were living with his sisters (Ada) family in Leyton Road, Wimbledon.

Alfred married Harriet Rachel Harman in 1907 in Wandsworth, Surrey and had 3 daughters Minnie (born 1908), Queenie (born 1912) and Constance (born 1916). Before the War Alfred had worked as a house painter along with many of his cousins and was living with Harriet and his young family at 6 Abbey Terrace, Abbey Road, Merton

Following the success of the Battle of Amiens (8th – 12th August 1918), the allies launched a number of new offences to keep the pressure on the German forces whose moral was weakening after four long years of conflict.

The attacks by the British Army extended all the way along the line from the Somme up to Ypres in Belgium and on 18th August, they attacked and captured the Outtersteene Ridge near the town of Bailleul in northern France, close to the Belgian border. Although only 120 feet above sea level the Outtersteene Ridge afforded the enemy a good observation of the low lying country around it and its capture was deemed important. 27 Brigade of 9th Division  attacked behind a powerful artillery barrage and within an hour the ridge was in British hands. At 5pm on the following day, 19th August, the 12th Norfolk battalion of 94th Brigade, 31st Division, and the 2nd Royal Fusiliers of 86 Brigade, 29th Division continued the attack and in less than an hour and a half gained the further objectives of Lyndé Farm and The Trucks. They then went on to reach the Vieux Berquin-Outtersteene road
Alfred was serving as a Private with the 2nd Battalion Royal Fusiliers and on the 19th August 1918, Alfred went over the top.

War Diary - 2nd Battalion Royal Fusiliers 19th August 1918

At 5.00 pm the battalion attacked (W Coy on the right, X Coy on the left, 2 platoons of Z Coy in support on the right) under a barrage and captured the line of trucks, LYNDE, ASSET and LESAGE FARMS, also assisting in the capture of LABIS FARM, which formed part of the objective of the 12th Norfolks, who attacked in conjunction with us on our right. The operation was completely successful and the line was established in front of the road running from F 13 A7,2 – F.6.C.6.G. 
We captured 111 prisoners, including 1 officer, 10 machine guns, and 2 trench mortars. In addition several casualties were inflicted on the enemy as he fled in confusion. No counter attack was delivered. Narrative attached Appendix No.

Our Casualties were :-

Killed 2/LT Whyte & 2/LT Brown and 16 other ranks
Wounded 2/LT Adams & 2/Lt Walton and 63 other ranks.

After dusk the remaining 2 platoons of Z Coy went into the line and CAPT. CLARKE took over command of the right sub-sector, the inter-company boundary being the cross-roads at F.13b.8.8.

It is during the main attack on the 19th August that Private Alfred Searle, aged 38, lost his life.

Private Alfred Sidney Searle has no known grave and is commemorated on the Ploesteert Memorial (Panel 3) along with 11 of his comrades who also died that day

Pte. Ernest Phillip Ray aged 18
Pte. William Sidney Rix aged 20
Pte. Charles Dawson aged 26
Pte. Alfred Wilcox
Pte. Samuel Charles Wing
Lance Corporal Albert Wood aged 19
Pte. Frank Herbert Rogers aged 18
Pte. Leonard Shelley
Lance Corporal William Ratcliff Mason aged 23
Corporal Reginald Hickox
Lance Corporal Charles Herbert Holliday

Ploegsteert Memorial is located in Hainaut, Belgium 12.5 Km south of Leper (Ypres)

Ploegsteert Memorial

Alfred left behind his widow Harriet whom he had married in 1907 and his three daughters, Minnie (aged 10), Queenie (aged 6) and Constance (aged 2).

Discharged from the army and back home to Rugeley

On the 19th July 1918, my Great Uncle James Hollins who was serving as a Private with the 1/6th Battalion North Staffordshire Regiment was discharged from active service.

James Hollins

James, also known as Jim or Jimmy, was born on the 15th September 1890 in Rugeley, Staffordshire. He was the third child of Benjamin James and Ann Hollins (nee Hodson). He had an older sister Mary Ann Hollins (Born 1884, Woodseaves, Staffs) and an older brother Benjamin (Born 1887, Rugeley, Staffs) who had died of his wounds in November 1915, after being gassed most likely in the attack on the Hohenzollern Redoubt. He also had two younger brothers Edward, also known as Ted, (Born 16th March 1895, Rugeley, Staffs) and Arthur (My Grandfather – Born 18th February 1897, Rugeley Staffs).

In 1911, the family were living at 27 Bow Street, Rugeley. James was a horse Driver in the local mine, his father, Benjamin, was a labourer above the ground at the colliery, Edward (aged 16 in 1911) also worked in the mines. Arthur (aged 14) was still at school. His sister Mary-Ann was employed doing domestic duties and her daughter Ada Scott Hollins (aged 7) was also living with the family.

Hollins family circa 1908 - 1910 at Bow Street
Standing L-R Mary, Edward, James, Arthur, Ben
Seated L-R Benjamin, Ann

James' mother Ann Hollins had passed away in 1913.

James had enlisted with the Army on the 23rd Jan 1912 (Source SWB record) and had arrived in France along with the rest of the battalion including his brother Benjamin on the 5th March 1915.

James Hollins around 1908

He took part in the attack on Hohenzollern Redoubt on the 13th October 1915 and was wounded in the assault which cost so many Staffordshire lives.

James married Frances Mary Moore between January and March 1918 in Rugeley. Their first child Doris M Hollins would be born in Rugeley on the 15th October 1918, so no doubt it was a relief for the pregnant Frances that on the 19th July James Hollins was discharged from the army under Kings regulations 392 (xvi) – being no longer physically fit for war service.

After their marriage James and Frances lived in Sandy Lane, Rugeley.

A letter from the King and a French General

On the 16th July 1918, Sergeant William Lovegrove, who was serving with the 52nd Royal Warwicks died of Pneumonia whilst at home. His death was reported in the Reading Mercury the following week.

Reading Mercury 27th July 1918

Sunninghill – Military funeral – Sergt. William Lovegrove 52nd Royal Warwicks, was buried with military honours at Sunninghill Churchyard on Saturday the coffin was carried on a motor aeroplane trailer and firing party was provided by the Royal Air Force, the band of the depot also being in attendance. The deceased was one of the eight solider sons of Mr & Mrs T. Lovegrove, and although he died while on home duty, he had been wounded in action on two more occasions. Three of his brother had been previously killed in action.

It was also reported in the Western Times that Mr & Mrs Thomas Lovegrove, of Kildare, Sunninghill had received a letter of congratulations from the King on their having eight sons in the army.

Sergeant William Charles Lovegrove died on the 16th July 1918, He was aged 30 and was the Son of Thomas and Marguerite Lovergrove, Sunninghill and the Husband of Ethel Lovegrove of St. Georges Cottages, Oriental Road, Berks.

William had married Ethel Emily Ellis in 1914 in Dorking, Surrey with their daughter Phyllis A R Lovegrove being born later that year. Their second child Joffre Douglas J Lovegrove was born in Windsor in 1916 and was obviously named after the French Commander in Chief - General Joseph Joffre. William and Ethel had a third child Trevor born in Portsmouth in 1917

Joffre Lovegrove would become the son in law of Annie and James Othen (My Great Grand Aunt / Uncle in law) when he married their daughter Edith Othen in 1938.

William’s brothers were
• Leslie Lovegrove (born 1881)
• Percy Dixon Lovegrove (born 1884)
• Preston Darry Gordon Lovegrove (Born 1885)
• Henry Lasam Herbert Lovegrove (born 1887)
• Horace Leonard Lovegrove (born 1896) died 22nd November 1915 (Basra Memorial)
• Francis George Lovegrove (born 1890)
• Samuel Ernest Lovegrove (born 1892) died 26th October 1917 (Tyne Cot Memorial)
• David Lovegrove(born 1896)
• Maurice Hestor Lovegrove(born 1897)

Another brother Roberts was born in 1900 and William also had a sister Hilda Dorothy born in 1896.

It has not as yet been possible through research to positively identify the seven other brothers mentioned in the letter from King George V. or the third brother mentioned in the paper as being killed in the War.

Back to Blightly with a case of the Spanish Flu?

Private John Vernon serving with the 7th Reserve West Yorkshire Battalion had been out in France since the 31st March 1918, however on the 1st July 1918 John return to England.

John Vernon was born in Brereton, Rugeley, Staffordshire in 1899, his Uncle Joseph Vernon was married to my Great Aunt Elizabeth Ann Renshaw.

Since the 8th June 1918 He had been suffering with a high fever and this was officially recorded as PUO which is the abbreviation for Pyrexia of unknown (or uncertain) origin, a term applied
to febrile illness before diagnosis has been established; also referred to as FUO (Fever of unknown origin). and was generally associated with fever and raised body temperature.

Although the fever eased to a mild fever throughout June, his condition was still poor enough that it meant he was transported back to England on the 30th June arriving on the 1st July.

During 1918 all nations were greatly effected by the Spanish Flu pandemic, which resulted in the deaths of millions worldwide. Sporadic record-keeping in wartime, and the failure to make influenza officially notifiable, meant that actual incidence was undoubtedly far higher than was officially reported. The disease was often confused with other conditions, and in the initial pandemic phase, when its nature was a complete mystery, cases were often recorded as 'PUO' (Pyrexia of unknown origin), 'three-day fever', or given some other generic label. It is suggested that mortality figures for the Spanish Flu should also be upwardly revised, as virulent flu often paved the way for fatal complications but was not certified as a cause of death.

It infected 500 million people around the world and resulted in the deaths of 50 to 100 million (3 - 5% of the world's population),

It is uncertain whether John was suffering from Spanish Flu and the terrible pandemic which was infecting and killing millions worldwide, but clearly he was unwell enough to be transferred back to England.

This first wave had resembled typical flu epidemics; those most at risk were the sick and elderly, while younger, healthier people recovered easily. The second wave of the 1918 pandemic which developed in August 1918 was much deadlier than the first. Academics have concluded that the fact that most of those who recovered from first-wave infections were now immune showed that it must have been the same strain of flu. 

For the rest of the population it was far more deadly now; the most vulnerable people were those like the soldiers in the trenches – young previously healthy adults.

Repairing the Canadian trenches

On the 26th June 1918, my Great Grand Uncle, Albert Benjamin Uden was admitted to hospital. Albert Uden was serving as a Lance Corporal, with the 4th Field Company, 2nd Canadian Engineers, Canadian Expeditionary Force.

Albert Benjamin Uden was born on the 17th October 1882 in Dover, Kent. He was the youngest child of Albert and Eliza Uden (nee Sowman). An older brother Charles Edward Uden had died in infancy in 1880, his older sister Alice Uden (My Great Grandmother) was born on the 21st February 1873 in Bridge, Canterbury.

His father was a Potato merchant / greengrocer by trade. The family grew up on Seven Star Street in Dover, having moved there from Bridge, Canterbury in the early 1880’s shortly before Albert’s birth. Albert married Maude Torr, also from Dover, in 1905 in Paddington and along with their newly born son Albert they emigrated to Toronto, Canada in 1907 sailing on the Empress of Britain.

In 1915 Albert, Maude and their two sons Albert (born in Paddington in 1906) and George (born in Ontario, Canada in 1910) were living in Bellwoods Ave, Toronto.

A carpenter by trade Albert was aged 32 years and 2 months when on the 20th January 1915 he enlisted as a sapper in the 4th Field Company of the Canadian Engineers. He was 5ft 5in tall with brown eyes, dark brown hair and a dark complexion. Albert also had two vaccination scars on his right arm and a scar on his left shin.

The 4th Field Company, Canadian Engineers, had left Halifax, Nova Scotia on the 18th April 1915 bound for England on board the HMT Northland. The voyage took 11 days in total, the Company, under the command of Major G.A. Inksetter. arrived in England on the 29th April 1915.
After six months of training in England, the company embarked for France on the 16th September 1915.

Albert Uden had recently been appointed (7th May 1918) to the rank of Lance Corporal and on the 26th June 1918, 100 years ago today, the company were based at La Riviere and were engaged in various tasks working on two dugouts , fixing the wire in another part of their sector and working on theatre hut (source War Diary 4th Field Company, Canadian Engineers) . However on this day Albert Uden was admitted to the 5th Canadian Field Ambulance suffering from a varicose ulcer on the right leg. The problem had been an on-going one during recent months.

He had previously received treatment on the 1st January 1918 at the 6th Canadian Field Ambulance for an ICT (Inflammation of the Connective Tissue) of the right leg, he had been discharged back to duty on the 9th January.

The War Diary for the 6th Canadian Field Ambulance for the 1st January 1918 reads

Fine – Cold

Estree Gauchie S9 W1 SP7
De La Haie         S10 W0 SP55

Games, gas and squad drills during the morning. Capt D W McKechnie has been promoted to the rank of Major from 17-12-17

Quiet Day

S = Sick, W = Wounded, G = Gassed, SP = Sick Parade


Albert would later be transferred on the 1st July on to the No. 6 General hospital in Rouen, for further treatment on his ulcer and he was finally discharged back to reinforcements in Etaples on the 23rd July 1918.

Inflammation of the Connective Tissue along with trench foot was one of the more common aliments that affected soldiers in World War One. For Albert constantly repairing trenches in all conditions it is not surprising he suffered with this condition.

Albert’s nephews Solomon Charles Wraight was serving with the 315th Infantry Division of the United States Army having emigrated from England in 1915 and William John Wraight was serving with the Royal Air Force

References
Canadian Library and Archives

In France with the Royal Fusiliers

Alfred Sidney Searle was the brother in law of my Great Great Grand Uncle Edwin Ernest Bush who had married Alfred’s sister Ada Searle on the 10th September 1893 at Holy Trinity Church, Wimbledon.

Alfred was born in 1880 in Wimbledon, Surrey, one of eight children of John Joseph and Emma Jane Searle (nee Miles). He had two older brothers John (born 1868) & Charles (born 1873), two younger brothers Edward (born 1882) & Thomas (born 1885) and three older sisters Emma (born 1869), Ada (born 1872) & Alice (born 1879).

His mother, Emma had passed away in 1895 and his father, John in 1897.

In 1901 Alfred aged 21 and his two younger brothers Edward and Thomas were living with their Aunt and Uncle, Edwin Ernest and Ada Bush at 8 Leyton Road, Wimbledon along with his younger nephews Edwin Maurice (aged 7), Alfred Ernest (aged 6), Frederick Charles (aged 4) and Arthur William (aged 0). At the time Alfred was working as a labourer in a silk factory (Possibly Streatham Silk Mill)

Alfred married Harriet Rachel Harman in 1907 in Wandsworth, Surrey with their daughter Minnie being born a year later in 1908. The 1911 census shows the family living at 6 Abbey Terrace, Abbey Road, Merton, Surrey – a three room flat. Alfred was working as a House painter, the same profession as William Giles, William Alfred Bush and William J T Bush who were all cousins and from Wimbledon. His younger brother Thomas was also employed as a painter.

Alfred’s sister Ada had died in 1910.

Alfred had enlisted on the 6th March 1917 with the Middlesex regiment and was then transferred, serving as a Private with the 20th Battalion Royal Fusiliers from the 23rd March 1917. However, 100 years ago today and just a week before the 20th Battalion was disbanded (16th Feb 1918), Alfred Sidney Searle was transferred to the 2nd Battalion Royal Fusiliers.

The 2nd Battalion had served in Gallipoli and arrived in France in March 1916. The Battalion had taken part in the Battle of the Somme and in the spring of 1917 in the Battle of Arras. The 20th Battalion had served in France.

His younger brother Thomas was serving with the Royal Engineers and had been in France since July 1915. He had married Florence Ann Dean in 1907 in Wimbledon and had two sons Ernest Leonard (born July 1907) and Richard William Douglas (born 1910).

Put on a Charge

On the 6th November 1917 Charles Henry Bush (my first cousin three times removed), serving as a corporal with the Royal Army Medical Corps at New End Military Hospital, Hampstead was severely reprimanded by Lt. Colonel Reid for not complying with an order given by a warrant officer and for referring to his commanding officer in disrespectful language. The incident was reported by acting sergeant Major Briggs and by acting sergeant Brown.

Charles was born in Wimbledon in 1878, the son of Charles Henry Bush and Caroline Wigman, he was one of 5 children, he had an elder sister and brother Louisa and Alfred and younger siblings Nellie and William. His father Charles had died young at only 34 and his mother had re-married to William Clack, a scavenger with Wimbledon Borough Council, having a further 7 children. All living at 11 Ashbourne Terrace, Wimbledon, which had been the Bush family home before his father's death.

He married Edith Pearson on 12th June 1905 and had their first child, Charles Alfred exactly 1 year later. By 1911 Charles, Edith & Charles along with their 2nd son Herbert were living at 69 Pelham Road, Wimbledon, with Charles' occupation listed as a bill poster for a theatre. Herbert died a few months later just as their daughter Edith was born.

Charles was 5 feet 7 inches tall, with a fresh complexion, brown eyes and dark brown hair and was 36 when the Great War started.

After serving in France during 1914, initially at No. 9 General Hospital in Nantes and then at Rouen, he was posted to New End Military Hospital in December 1914. Charles’ older brother Alfred had also served in the Royal Army Medical Corps and was attached to the 4th London Mounted Brigade but had been killed in Gallipoli in August 1915.

New End Military Hospital, Hampstead

Charles was Chief Clerk at the Hospital and he was regarded by his superior officers as a highly proficient. It was not however the first time he had been in trouble with his superior officers.

Charles Bush had served with the Royal Army Medical Corps alongside his older brother Alfred Charles Morris Bush during the Boer War in South Africa from 1901 – 1904 and during his service in South Africa was employed as the clerk to the office of the PMO Cape Colony,

Whilst stationed in Kimberley, Cape Colony in August 1902, he disobeyed company orders, leaving the camp improperly dressed. In February 1903, he again left the camp improperly dressed and also overstaying his pass – both time he was confined to barracks for seven days and on the second occasion he also lost one day’s pay.

However, his most serious offence occurred in December 1903, when he was charged with neglect of duty by leaving the door of the lunatic ward unlocked for which he was confined to barracks for ten days.

I would expect that ward would have been for soldiers suffering from what is now known as PTSD and in the First World War became known as shell shock.

One wonders if not complying with an order and disrespectful language went something like "well that's a stupid order and whoever gave it is a fool as well" which somehow sounds quite familiar.

Joining Philadelphia's Own

On the 6^th October 1917, 100 years ago my Great Uncle Solomon Charles Wraight enlisted in the United States Army.

Solomon had been born in Lambeth, Surrey on the 22^nd May 1895, the eldest child of Solomon and Alice Wraight (nee Uden). The family, originally from Kent moved to Wandsworth, Surrey in 1894/95 and by 1911 the Wraight family were living in Battersea, Middlesex with both Solomon and his father working as carpenters / joiners.

In August 1915, Solomon emigrated to the USA, and found employment as a carpenter in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, eventually becoming a naturalised American citizen in May 1917. His younger brother William, also a carpenter by trade, had joined the Royal Navy Air Service in March 1917.

America had declared war on Germany on the 6^th April 1917 and had immediately set about the task of training it’s men to face the harsh realities of the battle fields on the Western Front.

Solomon Charles Wraight USA Army - Camp Meade 1917

Solomon enlisted in the 315^th Infantry regiment was based at Camp Meade, Maryland. He had been living at 150 North – 12^th Street, Philadelphia. The first recruits for the regiment had starting arriving on the 21^st September and by the 15^th October the regiment had a full strength of 2,731 men, all from the Philadelphia area. The Regiment adopting the name by which it has always been known “Philadelphia’s Own”. All new recruits were lined up and were integrated as to their history, each experienced a shot in the arm and the rigours of an army medical exam (Source: The Official History of the 315 Regiment USA).

Much of the early weeks involved building Camp Meade, clearing land, erecting barracks etc. as well as rifle practice and drilling.

Solomon was part of the machine gun company, which as the official history of the regiment explains was selected in the following way.

“The machine Gun Company, better known as the Suicide Club, was formed in the dark and stormy days of September 1917, just like any other company in the regiment i.e. by marching a bunch of cheerful young nuts holding the lucky (?) numbers in Uncle Sam’s lottery into a big, bare, pine barracks. After the usual inspections, the boys were given a hat and shirt. Then each one was asked which branch of the service he preferred. If he were a mechanic, that was just exactly what the machine gun company needed. The same thing applied to bartenders, hotel clerks, milk men and chauffeurs (on account of their knowledge of mules) etc.”

One can only assume the same suitability applied in Solomon’s case to carpenters!

The Official History continues – 

“The company trained for quite a while as a rifle company, but after some time they received Colt machine guns and wooden models of the Vickers, and the company had very strenuous drill in the art of quick mounting and dismounting of the gun, replacing casualties in the gun team, camouflaging gun positions and so forth. Finally, these make shift guns were all turned in and we received the Browning machine guns, which eventually the company would use in France.”

Solomon's journey during the Great War years had taken him from Battersea across the Atlantic Ocean to a new life in America and now as a naturalised US citizen he joined the Army which in all probability would likely take him back to Europe.

Sources : The Official History of the 315 Regiment USA.

Promoted to Sergeant

After being promoted to acting corporal in April 1917, My Great Uncle William Alfred Bush was promoted to acting sergeant on the 1^st September 1917. He had received the promotion the week before on the 26^th August 1917 and had been acting unpaid until 1^st September.

William had been at the front since August 1914 and was serving in the 363 Motorised Transport Company of the Army Service Corps.

The family were living at 6, Leyton Road, Wimbledon at the outbreak of war, having previously lived at 5, Goodenough Street, Wimbledon where in 1911 William listed his occupation as a house painter. William was 35 when he set of for World War One, 5 feet 4 1/4 inches tall, fair complexion, blue eyes and brown hair. He had a small tattoo mark on the back of his right forearm and a 1/2 inch long linear scar above his right eyebrow.

William was born in 1879 in Wimbledon, the 2^nd youngest child of the late William James and Jane Bush (nee Napp). In 1917 he was 38 years old. His older sisters Elizabeth Clara Bush (born 1863, Wimbledon) was married to William Giles (also a house painter). Of their nine children one of their five sons Victor Cyril Giles was also serving with the Army Service Corps, both Alfred and James (both born in 1902) were still too young to enlist. It is likely that Albert James and William Giles were serving but research has not yet identified with who.

His sister, Jane Bush had lost her first husband James Spice in 1903 and both her children Dorothy (in 1913) and Edith (in 1905) she had re-married to Edward Charles Gear on Christmas Day in 1911 and had moved from Wimbledon to Railton Road in Lambeth.

His older brother, my Great Grandad, Albert Henry Bush, was a plumber on Southern Railways and had married Emily Elizabeth Lemon in 1898 and had four children Albert (my Grandad), Emily (Elsie), Sidney and Olive. Emily’s younger brother Frederick Lemon was serving with the East Surrey Regiment in the Labour Corps.

William's younger brother James Charles Bush (born Wimbledon 1881) was working as a harness cleaner in 1911 and living at 48 St. James St. Leeds with Emma Wilson and their daughter May Wilson Bush (born in 1910). They also had two other children William H Bush (born 1911, Leeds) and James C Bush, who was born on Boxing Day 1915. James and Emma had married in 1912 in Leeds.

Research suggests that James was serving in the Corps of Hussars as a Private in the 10^th and later 20^th Battalion.

Keeping the pilots in the air

On the 1^st August 1917, Maurice Edwin Bush (my 1^st Cousin 3 times removed) aged 25, was promoted from 2^nd Air Mechanic to 1^st Air Mechanic in the Royal Navy Air Service. He was still serving with 85 Squadron, who he had been with since enlisting in 1915. The squadron was based in England and in 1917 was mainly concerned with training pilots. The training itself was perilous and life expectancy once reaching the front was very short. Maurice's job was to keep the aircraft flying.

Maurice was born on the 21^st March 1892 in Paddington, Middlesex. He was the son of Alfred and Caroline Bush (nee Searle) and had 3 older sisters Ethel (born in 1880), Mabel (born in 1883) and Daisy (born in 1885). 

In 1911 the family were living at 119a Allfarthing Lane, Wandsworth. Maurice was employed as a clerk with the Bombay Gas Company, Mabel and Daisy were both working as shop assistants. Maurice’s father Alfred was a Jewellers assistant.

His oldest sister Ethel had married Alfred Fox in 1907 in Wandsworth, Surrey and in 1911 were living in Kingswood Road, Clapham Park. Ethel had recently given birth to her second daughter – Rosie Ethel Fox. Her eldest daughter Hilda had been born in 1912.

Maurice had four cousins Alfred Charles Morris Bush had been killed in Gallipoli in 1915 whilst serving with the Royal Army Medical Corps, Frederick Charles Bush serving in the Royal Navy had just returned to training at Pembroke II after serving on a harbour defence trawler in the Humber. William Alfred Bush was still in France serving with the Royal Army Corps after recently being promoted to Corporal. Charles Henry Bush also a corporal was based at New End Military Hospital in Hampsted.

Home on leave getting married

Gertrude Mary Cunningham was the daughter of Thomas and Hannah Cunningham (nee Mills) and in 1911 was living with her family at 74 Sheep Fair, Rugeley, working as a domestic servant.

Gertrude was born on the 29^th June 1894 in Rugeley and had an older sister, Edith (born 1886) and two younger brothers Thomas (born 1899, who would become my Auntie’s father in law) and Reginald (born 1909). Her older brother William had been killed in January 1917 whilst serving with the North Staffordshire regiment in France.

Gertrude was aged 22 when she married Thomas McElroy, the son of Bernard and Bridget McElroy between July & September 1917. Thomas was born in 1892 in Bilston, Wolverhampton.

Their first child Lucy was born in 1917 in Rugeley between October and December 1917.

Thomas McElroy was serving as a Private with the 5^th Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment. He had been out in France since August 1915. In 1911 he was working as a sheet mills iron worker.

One can only assume that Gertrude and Thomas got married whilst Thomas was home on leave.

Promoted to Corporal

On the 22^nd April 1917 William Alfred Bush, my Great Grand Uncle was promoted to acting Corporal in the 363 Motorised transport Company of the Army Service Corps.

William had been out with the British Expeditionary Force since war broke out in August 1914 and had previously served in the Army Service Corps from 1905-08. Before joining the army in 1905 he had been employed as a boiler maker and in 1911 was a house painter as were a number of his cousins

William was born in Wimbledon in 1879 and the family, his wife Elizabeth and their four children, Lillie, William, Ivy and Dorothy were living at 6 Leyton Road, Wimbledon., having previously lived in Goodenough Street, Wimbledon.

The ASC MT Companies performed a number of functions and some like the 363 company were attached to the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) as Ammunition Columns / Parks. 363 Company, which was formed May 1915 was the Ammunition Column for 18th Brigade RGA. The 18th Brigade later came under V Corps Heavy Artillery.

The heavy guns and howitzers of the RGA, with attendant equipment and ammunition, needed motorised transport to haul them. The MT Companies called Ammunition Parks operated dumps, or stores, of ammunition, with the larger calibres of artillery shells required special mechanical handling equipment.

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Keeping the aircraft flying

On the 21^st March 1917 William “Bill” John Wraight, my Grand Uncle, joined the Royal Navy Air Service aged 18.

He was born on the 24^th February 1899 in Willesden, London one of seven children born to Solomon and Alice Wraight (nee Uden). William’s older brother Solomon Charles Wraight had emigrated from England in 1915 and was now living in Philadelphia USA. His older sister Alice (born 1897) had died in 1911 aged just 14. He had two younger sisters Elsie (born 1903) and Ivy - my Grandmother (born 1904) and two younger brothers Arthur (born 1907) and Frederick (born 1911).

Wraight Family circa 1910 - William is likely to be the taller boy in the photo

1911 the family were living at 14 Eland Road, Lavender Hill, London. Bill’s father Solomon was working as a builder’s joiner / shop foreman.

By 1917 as well as their father, both Bill and his brother Solomon (in America) also worked as a carpenter & joiners.

Bill was 5 foot 9 inches tall, with brown hair, brown eyes and a medium complexion and enlisted with the Royal Navy as an ACM2 rating – An Aviation Carpenter’s Mate 2nd Class Petty Officer and was based initially at Crystal Palace and Chingford until the 28th April when he was transferred to Eastbourne.

No doubt Bill's carpentry skills were put to good use, building, repairing and re-fitting aircraft, which was proving vital to the modern war effort in 1917.

Bill’s Uncle Albert Benjamin Uden who was serving with the 4^th Field Mounted Engineers of the Canadian Army was also a carpenter by trade.

Life on the home front

Walter and Rose Matilda Bush (nee Cane) celebrated the birth of their eighth child and fifth daughter Joyce Elizabeth Bush on the 25th January 1917 in Dartford, Kent. Walter was aged 41 and Rose 40.

Walter Bush

Walter (my first cousin four times removed) was born on the 29th October 1875 in Clapham, Surrey, the son of Robert and Sarah Ann Bush (nee Clarke). He married Rose Matilda Cane in 1898 in Windsor.

Joyce had 3 older brothers Walter Morris (born & died 1901 in Harrow), Walter Edwin Frederick Bush (born 1904 in Harrow) and John Thomas Frank Bush (born 1908 in Kent). Her four sisters Doris Minnie Bush (born 1899 in Harrow), Rose Kathleen Bush (born 1902 Harrow), Muriel Annie Bush (born 1913 in Dartford) and Isabelle Margaret Bush (born 1914 in Kent).

In 1911, the family lived at 28 Bexley Lane, Dartford, Kent and Walter was working as a butcher, the same trade as his father.

Walter Bush, who was aged 41 in 1917, had been sent to Crayford to work in the Vickers munitions factory as he was unfit to join the armed services as he had one leg shorter than the other. The family moved into 35 Maiden Lane, Crayford one of the first families to move into the Barnes Cray estate which was built to house workers at the factory.

Walter’s eldest daughter Doris also worked with her father at the munitions factory in 1916/17. Lodging with the Bush family was William Samuel King (known as Billy) who was also unfit to serve at the front and was sent to the same munitions factory to work.

Doris Minnie Bush

The Barnes Cray Estate was built by an organisation connected with Vickers to house a good proportion of the 12,000 people employed by the firm at that time.

The main function of the Vickers Crayford Works in the years of the First World War was the manufacture of the Vickers machine gun, a development of Maxim's invention, and aircraft like the FB5 'Gun-bus'.

Doris Minnie Bush and William King married in 1923.

Reference - Verbal history of Joyce Elizabeth Bush,

From Sheep Fair to Slaughter

William Henry Cunningham was born in 1892 in Rugeley, Staffordshire, the son of Thomas and Hannah Cunningham (nee Mills). William had two sisters Edith (born 1886) and Gertrude (born 1895) and two brothers Thomas (born 1899) and Reginald (born 1909).

William’s younger brother Thomas would become the father in law of my Aunt Dorothy Hollins.

In 1911 William was working in the local colliery below ground as a rope rider and living with the family at 74 Sheep Fair, Rugeley. His father was working above ground at the colliery as a banksman.

 By 1917 his parents moved and were living at 18 Queen Street just a few houses from George, William and Charles Hollins. George despite his time having expired had re-enlisted and in December returned to France serving with the Royal Engineers.

William was serving as a Private with A Company 1^st Battalion the North Staffordshire Regiment and had sailed to France on the 5^th March 1915 along with my Great Uncle Benjamin Hollins.

On 14^th January 1917, after nearly two years in France and Flanders Private William Henry Cunningham aged 26 was killed in action alongside his comrade from D Company Lance Corporal Ernest James Wood from Tooting, London.

Both are buried at the Philosophe British Military Cemetery at Mazingarbe, which lies between Bethune and Lens.

Philosophe Military Cemetry (CWGC)

The loss for the Cunningham family was as you would expect great, as this newspaper article in the Staffordshire Advertiser 12^th Jan 1918 shows

Cunningham – In loving memory of Pte. W. Cunningham (40010), 1^st North Staffordshire Regiment, killed in action Jan 14, 1917. Twelve months have gone and still miss him. Friends may think the wound has healed. But they little know the sadness deep within our hearts concealed – From his loving Father, Mother, Brother and Sisters.

Although it is unclear how William meet his death, the following story published in the Stoke Sentinel By Richard Ault  (Posted: August 29, 2016) highlights the conditions and daily danger for the men of the 1^st Battalion during their time at the Somme in August 1916. William of course was part of A company.

The 1st Battalion of the North Staffordshire Regiment was a battle hardened unit of fighting men. They had been on the Western Front for two years by the time the Somme offensive was launched.

Yet, while the less experienced troops of the Pals battalions and the Territorial Force, like the 1st/5th and the 1st/6th North Staffords, were ordered over the top on July 1, 1916; the 1st North Staffords were kept in reserve.

They first took over a section of the British front line on the Somme on August 9, 1916, near Guillemont village, a key position in the German defence system which had resisted all attempts at capture during the early phases of the Battle of the Somme.

Those defences meant the Germans were able to bring down concentrated machine gun and artillery fire onto any unit attempting to take the village.

That was the position facing the 1st North Staffords when they arrived in the lines in August, 1916. Yet their role in the fight for Guillemont would not be an especially dramatic one, their job was not to attack with rifles and Mills Bombs, as they had done many times before. Instead, they were sent out with shovels, to dig another trench.

The front line was in a poor state after weeks of fighting, and the British top brass had realised that to reduce casualties during any attack on Guillemont, the amount of space between the British and German lines must be reduced.

Their job was to dig a new trench, closer to the German lines, meaning the British attackers would have less distance to cross, and the German machine guns less time to do their murderous work.

Although, this time, the 1st North Staffords wouldn't be fighting, that didn't mean that their job was any less dangerous.

That menial task would require them to move 100 yards closer to the enemy, with its wealth of artillery and rapid fire weapons, under cover of darkness, and to dig.

The North Staffords took over the line on August from the 1st/10th (Scottish) Battalion of the Kings (Liverpool Regiment), who had made a costly and failed attack on Guillemont.

As soon as dark fell, members of the North Staffordshire battalion went out into No Man's Land to help carry back men who had been wounded during that attack.

That first night, the North Staffords were supposed to start digging the new trench, but the order came in to postpone the task. One company of men, A Company, was already in 'Teale Trench', ready to start the work. During that night Teale Trench was shelled heavily by the enemy and one soldier, Private Francis Cliffe, from Hilton, was killed – the first man of the 1st North Staffords to be killed on the Somme.

The next night, at 11.45pm, the order was given to start digging. The men of A Company went out to start the job. Only C Company would join them before dawn. The men of B Company arrived late, and D Company did not managed to get started.

It wasn't long before the noise attracted the attention of German observers based at forward listening posts. The message soon got back to the commander of the enemy artillery barrage.

The night was dark and the British worked quickly, knowing their best chance of survival was to dig as quickly as possible. The dark of night made it difficult for the enemy artillery fire to pick them out – yet that did not stop the Germans from trying.

All through the night the North Staffords worked – and all through the night they were shelled by the enemy. Sometimes the bombs would explode harmlessly in the mud. Other times shrapnel would rip into flesh and one of the soldiers would cry out and collapse into the mud.

By the end of the night, the battalion had dug 120 yards of trench. But six men had been killed during the night.

They had not been involved in a single attack or trench raid during this time. This gives some indication of the daily losses experienced by the British army.

William Henry Cunningham is remembered on the Rugeley War Memorial.

Rugeley War Memorial (photo by Allison Smith)

On a slow boat to India

James Othen married Annie Cobbold (my great grand aunt in law) in 1905 in Epsom, Surrey. They had four children Rosey (Born 1905), Mabel (1907), Alfred (born 1909) and Florence (born 1911) and in 1911 were living at 32 Folkland Hill, Dorking, with James working as a labourer.

James had been born in 1880 in Farnham, Surrey the youngest son of Charles and Elizabeth Othen. James had 4 older brothers and two older sisters. Annie Cobbold was the daughter of Alfred and Sarah Cobbold (nee Alston) and had been born in 1886 in Burnham, Essex. After marrying James the family lived in Great Bookham, Surrey where their first three children were born and then 1910/11 they moved to Dorking where Florence was born.

Annie had two older brothers Frederick (born 1874 in Braintree, Essex) and Alfred (born 1884 in Burnham, Essex). Alfred's brother in law John Joseph Graffham had been killed whilst serving in France with the 2nd Battalion The Royal West Surrey Regiment in July 1915

James had enlisted with the 5^th Reserve Battalion “The Queens” Royal West Surrey on the 5^th October 1914 aged 34 years and 6 months and was 5 feet 5 3/4 inches. He was living at 71 Orchard Rise, Dorking, Surrey and was considered physically fit. James was employed as a bricklayer's labourer at that time. 

He had been stationed in England since enlisting but on the 28^th October 1916 James, was at Devonport, embarking with the 1 / 4^th Battalion Royal West Surreys to India.

Defending from air attack

On the 4^th October 1916 Henry Renshaw was posted to the 29^th Anti-Aircraft Company of the Royal Garrison Artillery.

While the normal role of the air forces during the Great War was mainly reconnaissance for the purposes of assisting the artillery, tactical and strategic bombing, together with ground support and strafing, grew in importance. Shooting down enemy aircraft, or at least frightening them off, naturally followed as an important aspect of defence.

Henry Renshaw was my 1^st Cousin twice removed and was born in Colwich, Staffordshire in 1883, the son of Henry and Elizabeth Renshaw (nee Mills). He had three brothers, Charles (born 1877), Walter (born 1880) and Arthur (born 1888) and two sisters, Lizzie (born 1879) and Mary (born 1884).

In 1911 he was living with his parents who were farmers, his two siblings Mary and Arthur were also working on the farm. Henry was working as an Estates Clerk.

Henry married Ethel James in October 1915 at Christ Church, Stone and joined the Royal Garrison Artillery on the 11^th December 1915. They lived at 10, Taylors Lane, Rugeley, With Henry still working as an Estates Clerk at the Anglesey Estate Office in Rugeley. He was aged 31 years and 1 month when he joined the army and was 5 foot 7 inches tall.

Rugeley losses at the Somme

Herbert Vernon was born in 1890 in Brereton, Rugeley, Staffordshire, he was the youngest son of Joseph and Jane Vernon (nee Heaton). He had 4 older brothers, John (born 1875), Joseph (born 1882), George (born 1880) and Samuel (born 1885) and one older sister Selina (born 1877) all were born in Brereton.

In 1911, Herbert, aged 21, was living with his parents and older brother Samuel at 16 Talbot Road, Brereton and was working as a miner, as was his brother and father.

Herbert had married Eliza Fisher at St. Michael’s Church, Brereton in 1912 and had their first son Herbert W Vernon in 1913.

In 1911 Eliza was living at 40, Brereton Road working as a Jappener (Box Maker), her older brothers James and Albert and father James were working at the local colliery.

Eliza’s brother, James Fisher was married to my second cousin (twice removed) Harriet Hollins, and had been killed on the 13^th Oct 1915 during the attack on the Hohenzollern Redoubt

Herbert’s brother Joseph, was married to my Grandaunt Elizabeth Ann Renshaw and was serving with Royal Army Medical Corps.

Herbert Vernon was serving with the 1^st Battalion Grenadier Guards and had enlisted in March 1915.

The battle of the Somme, which had began on the 1st July with such heavy losses continued to rumble on, inflicting heavy casualties on both sides for little territorial gain. During this continued fighting Herbert Vernon, aged 26, was killed in action on the 12th September. 

The local newspaper - The Lichfield Mercury published the news a couple of weeks later.

29^th Sept 1916 – Lichfield Mercury

Rugeley Casualties

Killed in Action. Official information has this week been received by Mrs E Vernon, Brereton Road, Rugeley, that her husband Private H. Vernon Grenadier Guards, was killed in action on Sept 12^th, He joined the Grenadier Guards March 1915 and has been out at the front since last April. Previous joining the Army was employed as a miner the Brereton leaves a wife and one child.

Herbert is commemorated on Pier and Face 8D Thiepval Memorial and on the Brereton War Memorial.

Herbert Vernon - Brereton War Memorial

Lost at the Somme

William Herbert Hollins (My third cousin once removed) was serving as a Lance Corporal with the 7^th Battalion Duke of Cornwall Light Infantry. He had enlisted in November 1915 and had been out in France since April 1916.

He was the oldest son of William and Amy Hollins (nee Saunders) and in 1916 he was just 19 Years old. His father William was working on munitions and his uncles had all joined up. Horace had been killed in April1916, Charles was still serving and George had just re-enlisted in the Royal Engineers after coming home following serving with the 6th North Staffords. His two aunt’s husbands - James Fisher, had just been killed at Hohenzollern Redoubt in October 1915 and Fred Williscroft had been discharged from the army in August 1914.

William Herbert Hollins

The battle of the Somme began on the 1^st July, with heavy losses for the attacking British forces including his half first cousin Albert Hollins. The battle dragged on throughout the following weeks and months into one of terrible attrition.
 

The 7^th DCLI were positioned in the ‘Brompton Road’ Trench, near Guillemont, which they had moved into on the 21^st August, having relieved the 3^rd Rifle Brigade and 12^th Royal Fusiliers who had ‘gained and retained’ the railway station’ after heavy fighting. They remained in this frontline trench under heavy bombardment with significant German counter attacks occurring on the 23^rd and 24^th August. The net was closing around the village and the Germans were desperate to retain this high ground, throwing artillery and ‘bombs’ at the Brompton Road line.  The DCLI’s final engagement in this area involved a heavy bombardment and follow up attack by the enemy who were targeting the supply lines to the frontline.

Bombarding the supply lines and DCLI HQ which was situated in and around the Station, plus an advance on the Brompton Road. Again the attack was repulsed and finally on the 25^th August the DCLI were relieved from the frontline and returned to Carnoy (3 miles South West of Trones Wood for R&R. 

Throughout this ‘rest’ period, the 7^th Battalion were repeatedly marching back to this sector at night to repair and rebuild trenches. The weather is noted as atrocious with persistent storms and heavy rain.

On the 29^th of August, the DCLI once again moved forward and relieved the 10^th Rifle Brigade. They had just completed a 9 hour fatigue (trench repairs) and were immediately moving straight back into action. New trenches had been dug and immediately attracted enemy fire, such that when the DCLI came up to take occupancy they found very little cover, many dead or wounded and the trenches literally ‘knee deep’ in mud.

This would have been William’s final experience as no sooner had the DCLI completed the relief of the frontline, the enemy shelling started once again.

The Battalion War diary for the night of the 30^th/31^st August reads as follows:

“Very wet night. Men very tired, many of the men developing a form of trench foot. Incessant bombardment in support and reserve trenches. Many tear or lachrymatory shells used by Hun in this area. Bombardment so heavy and general that attack by enemy was expected but did not materialise.”

It can be assumed that William lost his life during this bombardment, and due to the poor weather and terrain it’s not difficult to understand why his body remains unidentified or indeed lost.

Guillemont Station (Sept 1916)

This would have been directly behind William as he fought in the Brompton Road Trench.

William is commorated at the Thiepval Memorial on Pier and Face 6B. On the same panel are 5 comrades from the 7^th Battallion who were listed as killed on the 31^st August.

L.Cprl Edgar Fuller 15592 Age 25

Pte Ernest Came 22316

Pte Ernest Hazel Griggs 17455

Pte Archie Smith 24477 aged 27

Pte James Herbert Tullett 24347

The Coventry Evening Telegraph reported the news of William’s death on Saturday 23^rd September 1916

Mr & Mrs W. Hollins, 11 Francis Street have received official notice that their son Corpl. W.H. Hollins 23942, Duke of Cornwall LI was killed in action in France on August 30^th last. He enlisted on Nov 30, 1915 and was in France four months. Previous to joining the colours he was employed at Messrs. Matherson, Huxley and Watson Ltd.

The following notice appeared in the Coventry Evening Telegraph on the 30^th August the following year and the year after that.

Hollins – In Loving memory of Lance Corporal William Herbert Hollins, DCLI who was killed in action in France August 30^th 1916. Deeply mourned by father, mother, brothers and sisters.

He sleeps not in his native land,

But under foreign skies,

And far from those who loved him best

In a hero’s grave he lies.

With thanks to Stan Hollins who provided the original research.